[mlir][python] Infer result types in generated constructors whenever possible

In several cases, operation result types can be unambiguously inferred from
operands and attributes at operation construction time. Stop requiring the user
to provide these types as arguments in the ODS-generated constructors in Python
bindings. In particular, handle the SameOperandAndResultTypes and
FirstAttrDerivedResultType traits as well as InferTypeOpInterface using the
recently added interface support. This is a significant usability improvement
for IR construction, similar to what C++ ODS provides.

Depends On D111656

Reviewed By: gysit

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D111811