[flang][runtime] Don't crash after reporting I/O statement errors

When an I/O statement is known to be in a recoverable error state,
it shouldn't cause a crash later in execution because it's not in
an expected non-erroneous processing state.  Add checking for the
ErroneousIoStatementState variant on paths that might otherwise
lead to runtime crashes.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D127423