Reland "[DebugMetadata][DwarfDebug] Support function-local types in lexical block scopes (4/7)"

Test "local-type-as-template-parameter.ll" now requires linux-system.

Authored-by: Kristina Bessonova <kbessonova@accesssoftek.com>

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D144006

Depends on D144005