[InstCombine] Dropping redundant masking before left-shift [2/5] (PR42563)

Summary:
If we have some pattern that leaves only some low bits set, and then performs
left-shift of those bits, if none of the bits that are left after the final
shift are modified by the mask, we can omit the mask.

There are many variants to this pattern:
c. `(x & (-1 >> MaskShAmt)) << ShiftShAmt`
All these patterns can be simplified to just:
`x << ShiftShAmt`
iff:
c. `(ShiftShAmt-MaskShAmt) s>= 0` (i.e. `ShiftShAmt u>= MaskShAmt`)

alive proofs:
c: https://rise4fun.com/Alive/RgJh

For now let's start with patterns where both shift amounts are variable,
with trivial constant "offset" between them, since i believe this is
both simplest to handle and i think this is most common.
But again, there are likely other variants where we could use
ValueTracking/ConstantRange to handle more cases.

https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=42563

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D64517

llvm-svn: 366537