[libcxx] Add "flag" default arg: basic_regex ptr_size_flag ctor

Summary:
The synopsis in C++11 subclause 28.8 [re.regex] has:
```
basic_regex(const charT* p, size_t len,
            flag_type f = regex_constants::ECMAScript);
```

The default argument is added to libc++ by this change.

Reviewers: mclow.lists, rsmith, hubert.reinterpretcast

Subscribers: cfe-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D22702

Reapplies r277966.
Patch by Jason Liu!

llvm-svn: 277968