Reland "[TargetLowering] Teach DemandedBits about VSCALE"

Reland with a fixup to avoid converting APInts to int64_t which allowed for
overflows (UB) with sufficiently high/low multiplier values.

This allows DemandedBits to see the result of VSCALE will be at most
VScaleMax * some compile-time constant. This relies on the vscale_range()
attribute being present on the function, with a max set. (This is done by
default when clang is targeting AArch64+SVE).

Using this various redundant operations (zexts, sexts, ands, ors, etc)
can be eliminated.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D138508