[mlir] Connect Transform dialect to PDL

This introduces a pair of ops to the Transform dialect that connect it to PDL
patterns. Transform dialect relies on PDL for matching the Payload IR ops that
are about to be transformed. For this purpose, it provides a container op for
patterns, a "pdl_match" op and transform interface implementations that call
into the pattern matching infrastructure.

To enable the caching of compiled patterns, this also provides the extension
mechanism for TransformState. Extensions allow one to store additional
information in the TransformState and thus communicate it between different
Transform dialect operations when they are applied. They can be added and
removed when applying transform ops. An extension containing a symbol table in
which the pattern names are resolved and a pattern compilation cache is
introduced as the first client.

Depends On D123664

Reviewed By: Mogball

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D124007