[LLD][COFF] Add support for `--time-trace` (#68236)

This adds support for generating Chrome-tracing .json profile traces in
the LLD COFF driver.

Also add the necessary time scopes, so that the profile trace shows in
great detail which tasks are executed.

As an example, this is what we see when linking a Unreal Engine
executable:

![image](https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/assets/37383324/b2e26eb4-9d37-4cf9-b002-48b604e7dcb7)