SDAG: Avoid a large, usually empty SmallVector in a recursive function

This SmallVector is using up 128 bytes on the stack every time despite
almost always being empty[1], and since this function can recurse quite
deeply that adds up to a lot of overhead. We've seen this run afoul of
ulimits in some cases with ASAN on.

Replacing the SmallVector with a std::vector trades an occasional heap
allocation for vastly less stack usage.

[1]: I gathered some stats on an internal test suite and the vector
was non-empty in only 45,000 of 10,000,000 calls to this function.

llvm-svn: 288441