[SimplifyCFG] Merge compatible `invoke`s of a `landingpad`

While nowadays SimplifyCFG knows how to hoist code from then-else blocks,
sink code from unconditional predecessors, and even promote the latter
by tail-merging `ret`/`resume` function terminators, that isn't everything.

While i (& others) have been trying to deal with merging/sinking `unreachable`,
apparently perhaps the more impactful remaining problem is merging the `throw`
calls.

If we start at the `landingpad`, all the predecessors are unwind edges of `invoke`s,
and in some cases some of the `invoke`s are mergeable.
```
/// This is a weird mix of hoisting and sinking. Visually, it goes from:
///          [...]        [...]
///            |            |
///        [invoke0]    [invoke1]
///           / \          / \
///     [cont0] [landingpad] [cont1]
/// to:
///      [...] [...]
///          \ /
///       [invoke]
///          / \
///     [cont] [landingpad]
```

This simplifies the IR/CFG, at the cost of debug info and extra PHI nodes.

Note that we don't require for *all* the `invokes` of the `landingpad`
to be mergeable, they can form more than a single set, we gracefully handle that.

For now, i completely disallowed normal destination, PHI nodes and indirect invokes
but that can be supported.

Out of all the CTMark projects, only 7zip is C++, so there isn't much impact:
https://llvm-compile-time-tracker.com/compare.php?from=ba8eb31bd9542828f6424e15a3014f80f14522c8&to=722fc871c84f14157d45c2159bc9c8c7e2825785&stat=size-total
... but there it currently causes size-total decrease.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D117805