[AMDGPU] Introduce more scratch registers in the ABI.

The AMDGPU target has a convention that defined all VGPRs
(execept the initial 32 argument registers) as callee-saved.
This convention is not efficient always, esp. when the callee
requiring more registers, ended up emitting a large number of
spills, even though its caller requires only a few.

This patch revises the ABI by introducing more scratch registers
that a callee can freely use.
The 256 vgpr registers now become:
  32 argument registers
  112 scratch registers and
  112 callee saved registers.
The scratch registers and the CSRs are intermixed at regular
intervals (a split boundary of 8) to obtain a better occupancy.

Reviewers: arsenm, t-tye, rampitec, b-sumner, mjbedy, tpr

Reviewed By: arsenm, t-tye

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D76356