[clang][dataflow] Fix `Environment::join`'s handling of flow-condition merging.

The current implementation mutates the environment as it performs the
join. However, that interferes with the call to the model's `merge` operation,
which can modify `MergedEnv`. Since any modifications are assumed to apply to
the post-join environment, providing the same environment for both is
incorrect. This mismatch is a particular concern for joining the flow
conditions, where modifications in the old environment may not be propagated to
the new one.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D124104