[LSV] Use Instruction*s rather than Value*s where possible.

Summary:
Given the crash in D22878, this patch converts the load/store vectorizer
to use explicit Instruction*s wherever possible.  This is an overall
simplification and should be an improvement in safety, as we have fewer
naked cast<>s, and now where we use Value*, we really mean something
different from Instruction*.

This patch also gets rid of some cast<>s around Value*s returned by
Builder.  Given that Builder constant-folds everything, we can't assume
much about what we get out of it.

One downside of this patch is that we have to copy our chain before
calling propagateMetadata.  But I don't think this is a big deal, as our
chains are very small (usually 2 or 4 elems).

Reviewers: asbirlea

Subscribers: mzolotukhin, llvm-commits, arsenm

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D22887

llvm-svn: 276938