[C2x] Implement support for nullptr and nullptr_t

This introduces support for nullptr and nullptr_t in C2x mode. The
proposal accepted by WG14 is:
https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n3042.htm

Note, there are quite a few incompatibilities with the C++ feature in
some of the edge cases of this feature. Therefore, there are some FIXME
comments in tests for testing behavior that might change after WG14 has
resolved national body comments (a process we've not yet started). So
this implementation might change slightly depending on the resolution
of comments. This is called out explicitly in the release notes as
well.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D135099