[InstCombine] use demanded vector elements to eliminate partially redundant instructions

In issue #60632, we have vector math ops that differ because an
operand is shuffled, but the math has limited demanded elements,
so it can be replaced by another instruction:
https://alive2.llvm.org/ce/z/TKqq7H

I don't think we have anything like this yet - it's like a
CSE/GVN fold, but driven by demanded elements of a vector op.
This is limited to splat-0 as a first step to keep it simple.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D144760