[libc++] (Take 2) Correctly handle Objective-C++ ARC qualifiers in std::is_pointer

Summary:
Otherwise, std::is_pointer<id __strong> works, but std::is_pointer<id __weak>
(and others) don't work as expected.

The previous patch (r357517) had to be reverted in r357569 because it
broke the Chromium build. This patch shouldn't have the same problem.

rdar://problem/49126333

Reviewers: ahatanak, EricWF

Subscribers: christof, jkorous, dexonsmith, libcxx-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D60087

llvm-svn: 357586