[lldb] Check for and use ptsname_r if available

ptsname is not thread-safe. ptsname_r is available on most (but not all)
systems -- use it preferentially.

In the patch I also improve the thread-safety of the ptsname fallback
path by wrapping it in a mutex. This should guarantee the safety of a
typical ptsname implementation using a single static buffer, as long as
all callers go through this function.

I also remove the error arguments, as the only way this function can
fail is if the "primary" fd is not valid. This is a programmer error as
this requirement is documented, and all callers ensure that is the case.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D88728