[Clang] NFCI: Add a new bit HasExtraBitfields to FunctionType.

The FunctionTypeExtraBitfields is currently only available when the
ExceptionSpecificationType == Dynamic, which means that there is no other
way to use or extend the FunctionTypeExtraBitfields independently of the
exception specification type.

This patch adds a new field HasExtraBitfields to specify
whether the prototype has trailing ExtraBitfields.

This patch intends to be NFC and is required for future extension
and use of the ExtraBitfields struct.

Reviewed By: aaron.ballman, erichkeane

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D126642