Refactor Internalization pass to use as a callback instead of a StringSet (NFC)

This will save a bunch of copies / initialization of intermediate
datastructure, and (hopefully) simplify the code.

This also abstract the symbol preservation mechanism outside of the
Internalization pass into the client code, which is not forced
to keep a map of strings for instance (ThinLTO will prefere hashes).

From: Mehdi Amini <mehdi.amini@apple.com>
llvm-svn: 266163