[mlir] use side effects in the Transform dialect

Currently, the sequence of Transform dialect operations only supports a single
use of each operand (verified by the `transform.sequence` operation). This was
originally motivated by the need to guard against accessing a payload IR
operation associated with a transform IR value after this operation has likely
been rewritten by a transformation. However, not all Transform dialect
operations rewrite payload IR, in particular the "navigation" operation such as
`transform.pdl_match` do not.

Introduce memory effects to the Transform dialect operations to describe their
effect on the payload IR and the mapping between payload IR opreations and
transform IR values. Use these effects to replace the single-use rule, allowing
repeated reads and disallowing use-after-free, where operations with the "free"
effect are considered to "consume" the transform IR value and rewrite the
corresponding payload IR operations). As an additional improvement, this
enables code motion transformation on the transform IR itself.

Reviewed By: Mogball

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D124181