[lldb][NFC] Make CompilerDeclContext construction type safe

The CompilerDeclContext constructor takes a void* pointer which
means that all callers of this constructor need to first explicitly
convert all pointers to clang::DeclContext*. This causes that we
for example can't just pass a TranslationUnitDecl* to the constructor without
first casting it to its parent class (as it inherits from both
Decl and DeclContext so the void* pointer is actually a Decl*).

This patch introduces a utility function in the ClangASTContext
which gets rid of the requirement to cast all pointers to
clang::DeclContext. Also moves all constructor calls to use this
function instead which is NFC (beside the change in
DWARFASTParserClangTests.cpp).