[IR/Analysis] Defend against getting slightly wrong template arguments

passed into CRTP base classes.

This can sometimes happen and not cause an immediate failure when the
derived class is, itself, a template. You can end up essentially calling
methods on the wrong derived type but a type where many things will
appear to "work".

To fail fast and with a clear error message we can use a static_assert,
but we have to stash that static_assert inside a method body or nested
type that won't need to be completed while building the base class. I've
tried to pick a reasonably small number of places that seemed like
reliably places for this to be instantiated.

llvm-svn: 294272