BumpPtrAllocator: do the size check without moving any pointers

Instead of aligning and moving the CurPtr forward, and then comparing
with End, simply calculate how much space is needed, and compare that
to how much is available.

Hopefully this avoids any doubts about comparing addresses possibly
derived from past the end of the slab array, overflowing, etc.

Also add a test where aligning CurPtr would move it past End.

llvm-svn: 217330