[LoopFlatten] Fix assertion failure in checkOverflow

There is an assertion failure in computeOverflowForUnsignedMul
(used in checkOverflow) due to the inner and outer trip counts
having different types. This occurs when the IV has been widened,
but the loop components are not successfully rediscovered.
This is fixed by some refactoring of the code in findLoopComponents
which identifies the trip count of the loop.