[COFF] Statically link certain runtime library functions

Statically link certain runtime library functions for MSVC/GNU Windows
environments. This is consistent with MSVC behavior.

Fixes LNK4286 and LNK4217 warnings from link.exe when linking the static
CRT:
  LINK : warning LNK4286: symbol '__std_terminate' defined in 'libvcruntime.lib(ehhelpers.obj)' is imported by 'ASAN_NOINST_TEST_OBJECTS.asan_noinst_test.cc.x86_64-calls.o'
  LINK : warning LNK4286: symbol '__std_terminate' defined in 'libvcruntime.lib(ehhelpers.obj)' is imported by 'ASAN_NOINST_TEST_OBJECTS.asan_test_main.cc.x86_64-calls.o'
  LINK : warning LNK4217: symbol '_CxxThrowException' defined in 'libvcruntime.lib(throw.obj)' is imported by 'ASAN_NOINST_TEST_OBJECTS.gtest-all.cc.x86_64-calls.o' in function '"int `public: static class UnitTest::GetInstance * __cdecl testing::UnitTest::GetInstance(void)'::`1'::dtor$5" (?dtor$5@?0??GetInstance@UnitTest@testing@@SAPEAV12@XZ@4HA)'

Reviewers: mstorsjo, efriedma, TomTan, compnerd, smeenai, mgrang

Subscribers: abdulras, theraven, smeenai, pcc, mehdi_amini, javed.absar, inglorion, kristof.beyls, dexonsmith, cfe-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D55229

llvm-svn: 359250