[MLIR][Presburger] Factor out space information to PresburgerSpace

This patch factors out space information from IntegerPolyhedron, PresburgerSet
and PWMAFunction to PresburgerSpace and its extension with local variables,
PresburgerLocalSpace.

Generally any new data structure additions in Presburger library will require
space information. This patch removes the need to duplicate the space
information.

Reviewed By: arjunp

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D119280