[clang][dataflow] Eliminate `SkipPast::ReferenceThenPointer`.

As a replacement, we provide the accessors `getImplicitObjectLocation()` and
`getBaseObjectLocation()`, which are higher-level constructs that cover the use
cases in which `SkipPast::ReferenceThenPointer` was typically used.

Unfortunately, it isn't possible to use these accessors in
UncheckedOptionalAccessModel.cpp; I've added a FIXME to the code explaining the
details. I initially attempted to resolve the issue as part of this patch, but
it turned out to be non-trivial to fix. Instead, I have therefore added a
lower-level replacement for `SkipPast::ReferenceThenPointer` that is used only
within this file.

The wider context of this change is that `SkipPast` will be going away entirely.
See also the RFC at https://discourse.llvm.org/t/70086.

Reviewed By: ymandel, gribozavr2

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D149838