[clang-format] Add AlignConsecutiveShortCaseStatements

This adds a new AlignConsecutiveShortCaseStatements option in line with the
existing AlignConsecutive* options , which when
AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine is enabled will align the tokens after the
case statement's colon. This also adds a AlignCaseColons option to allow
aligning the case label colon itself rather than the token after it.

Fixes #55475.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D151761