[Serialization] Delta-encode consecutive SourceLocations in TypeLoc

Much of the size of PCH/PCM files comes from stored SourceLocations.
These are encoded using (almost) their raw value, VBR-encoded. Absolute
SourceLocations can be relatively large numbers, so this commonly takes
20-30 bits per location.

We can reduce this by exploiting redundancy: many "nearby" SourceLocations are
stored differing only slightly and can be delta-encoded.
Randam-access loading of AST nodes constrains how long these sequences
can be, but we can do it at least within a node that always gets
deserialized as an atomic unit.

TypeLoc is implemented in this patch as it's a relatively small change
that shows most of the API.
This saves ~3.5% of PCH size, I have local changes applying this technique
further that save another 3%, I think it's possible to get to 10% total.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D125403