[OpenCL] Add clang extension for function pointers.

The new clang internal extension '__cl_clang_function_pointers'
allows use of function pointers and other features that have
the same functionality:
- Use of member function pointers;
- Unrestricted use of references to functions;
- Virtual member functions.

This not a vendor extension and therefore it doesn't require any
special target support. Exposing this functionality fully
will require vendor or Khronos extension.

Tags: #clang

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D94021