[flang] Correct semantic representation & handling of RANK(*) (#66234)

A RANK(*) case in a SELECT RANK construct selects the case of an
assumed-rank dummy argument whose effective actual argument is an
assumed-size array. In this case, the attributes of the selector are
those of a rank-1 assumed-size array, and the selector cannot be
allocatable or a pointer.

Ensure that the representation of a SELECT RANK construct's per-case
AssocEntityDetails can distinguish RANK(n), RANK(*), and RANK DEFAULT,
and clean up various code sites and tests where the distinctions matter.