[clang][parser] Allow GNU-style attributes in explicit template...

... instantiations

They are currently not being diagnosed because ProhibitAttributes() does
not handle attribute lists with an invalid source range. But once it
does, we need to allow GNU attributes in this place.

Additionally, start optionally diagnosing empty attr lists in
ProhibitCXX11Attributes(), since ProhibitAttribute() does it.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D97362