[MLIR] Remove uses of AffineExpr* outside of IR

This CL uniformizes the uses of AffineExprWrap outside of IR.
The public API of AffineExpr builder is modified to only use AffineExprWrap.
A few places access AffineExprWrap.expr, this is only while the API is in
transition to easily keep track (i.e. make expr private and let the compiler
track the errors).

Parser.cpp exhibits patterns that are dependent on nullptr values so
converting it is left for another CL.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 215642005