[ValueTracking] emit a remark when we detect a conflicting assumption (PR31809)

This is a follow-up to D29395 where we try to be good citizens and let the user know that
we've probably gone off the rails.

This should allow us to resolve:
https://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=31809

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D29404

llvm-svn: 294208