[mlir][MemRef] Add patterns to extract address computations

This patch adds patterns to rewrite memory accesses such that the resulting
accesses are only using a base pointer.
E.g.,
```mlir
memref.load %base[%off0, ...]
```

Will be rewritten in:
```mlir
%new_base = memref.subview %base[%off0,...][1,...][1,...]
memref.load %new_base[%c0,...]
```

The idea behind these patterns is to offer a way to more gradually lower
address computations.

These patterns are the exact opposite of FoldMemRefAliasOps.
I've implemented the support of only five operations in this patch:
- memref.load
- memref.store
- nvgpu.ldmatrix
- vector.transfer_read
- vector.transfer_write

Going forward we may want to provide an interface for these rewritings (and
the ones in FoldMemRefAliasOps.)
One step at a time!

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D146724