[clang-format] Require space before noexcept qualifier

This brings the noexcept qualifier more visually in line with the other
keyword qualifiers, such as "final" and "override".

Originally reported as https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/44542,
it was closed as "working by design" and reinforcing tests were added
as part of a218706c. The exact spacing
depended on the `PointerAlignment` option, where the default value of
`Right` would leave no space.

This patch seeks to change this behaviour, regardless of the configured
`PointerAlignment` option (matching the previous behaviour of the `Left`
option).

Closes https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/59729

Reviewed By: HazardyKnusperkeks, owenpan, MyDeveloperDay

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D140767