[Support] Make line-number cache robust against access patterns.

Summary:
The LLVM SourceMgr class (which is used indirectly by Swift, though not Clang)
has a routine for looking up line numbers of SMLocs. This routine uses a
shared, special-purpose cache that handles exactly one access pattern
efficiently: looking up the line number of an SMLoc that points into the same
buffer as the last query made to the SourceMgr, at a location in the buffer at
or ahead of the last query.

When this works it's fine, but when it fails it's catastrophic for performancer:
one recent out-of-order access from a Swift utility routine ran for tens of
seconds, spending 99% of its time repeatedly scanning buffers for '\n'.

This change removes the shared cache from the SourceMgr and installs a new
cache in each SrcBuffer. The per-SrcBuffer caches are also "full", in the sense
that rather than caching a single last-query pointer, they cache _all_ the
line-ending offsets, in a binary-searchable array, such that once it's
populated (on first access), all subsequent access patterns run at the same
speed.

Performance measurements I've done show this is actually a little bit faster on
real codebases (though only a couple fractions of a percent). Memory usage is
up by a few tens to hundreds of bytes per SrcBuffer that has a line lookup done
on it; I've attempted to minimize this by using dynamic selection of integer
sized when storing offset arrays. But the main motive here is to
make-impossible the cases we don't always see, that show up by surprise when
there is an out-of-order access pattern.

Reviewers: jordan_rose

Reviewed By: jordan_rose

Subscribers: probinson, llvm-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D45003

llvm-svn: 329470