[lldb] Add missing StringExtras.h includes

In preparation for removing the `#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"`
from the header to source file of `llvm/Support/Error.h`, first add in
all the missing includes that were previously included transitively
through this header.

This is fixing all files missed in b0abd489, 39d8e6e2, and
a11efd49.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D154775