[trace][intelpt] Support system-wide tracing [18] - some more improvements

This applies the changes requested for diff 12.

- use DenseMap<ConstString, _> instead of std::unordered_map<ConstString, _>, which is more idiomatic and possibly performant.
- deduplicate some code in Trace.cpp by using helper functions for fetching in maps
- stop using size and offset when fetching binary data, because we in fact read the entire buffers all the time. If we ever need streaming, we can implement it then. Now, the size is used only to check that we are getting the correct amount of data. This is useful because in some cases determining the size doesn't involve fetching the actual data.
- added back the x86_64 macro to the perf tests
- added more documentation
- simplified some file handling
- fixed some comments

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D127752