Allow flexible array initialization in C++.

Flexible array initialization is a C/C++ extension implemented in many
compilers to allow initializing the flexible array tail of a struct type
that contains a flexible array. In clang, this is currently restricted
to C. But this construct is used in the Microsoft SDK headers, so I'd
like to extend it to C++.

For now, this doesn't handle dynamic initialization; probably not hard
to implement, but it's extra code, and I don't think it's necessary for
the expected uses.  And we explicitly fail out of constant evaluation.

I've added some additional code to assert that initializers have the
correct size, with or without flexible array init. This might catch
issues unrelated to flexible array init.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D123649