[clang] Optimize clang::Builtin::Info density

Reorganize clang::Builtin::Info to have them naturally align on 4 bytes
boundaries.

Instead of storing builtin headers as a straight char pointer, enumerate
them and store the enum. It allows to use a small enum instead of a
pointer to reference them.

On a 64 bit machine, this brings sizeof(clang::Builtin::Info) from 56
down to 48 bytes.

On a release build on my Linux 64 bit machine, it shrinks the size of
libclang-cpp.so by 193kB.

The impact on performance is negligible in terms of instruction count,
but the wall time seems better, see
https://llvm-compile-time-tracker.com/compare.php?from=b3d8639f3536a4876b511aca9fb7948ff9266cee&to=a89b56423f98b550260a58c41e64aff9e56b76be&stat=task-clock

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D142024