[MC] Recursively calculate symbol offset

This is speculative since I'm not sure if there's some implicit contract that a
variable symbol must not have another variable symbol in its evaluation tree.

Downstream bug: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=471146#c23.

Test is based on alias.s (removed checks since we just need to know it didn't
crash).

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D109109