[Clang][ASan] Introduce `-fsanitize-address-destructor-kind=` driver & frontend option.

The new `-fsanitize-address-destructor-kind=` option allows control over how module
destructors are emitted by ASan.

The new option is consumed by both the driver and the frontend and is propagated into
codegen options by the frontend.

Both the legacy and new pass manager code have been updated to consume the new option
from the codegen options.

It would be nice if the new utility functions (`AsanDtorKindToString` and
`AsanDtorKindFromString`) could live in LLVM instead of Clang so they could be
consumed by other language frontends. Unfortunately that doesn't work because
the clang driver doesn't link against the LLVM instrumentation library.

rdar://71609176

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D96572