[sanitizer] Fix asserts in asan and tsan in pthread interceptors. (#75394)

Calling one of pthread join/detach interceptor on an already
joined/detached thread causes asserts such as:

AddressSanitizer: CHECK failed: sanitizer_thread_arg_retval.cpp:56
"((t)) != (0)" (0x0, 0x0) (tid=1236094)
#0 0x555555634f8b in __asan::CheckUnwind()
compiler-rt/lib/asan/asan_rtl.cpp:69:3
#1 0x55555564e06e in __sanitizer::CheckFailed(char const*, int, char
const*, unsigned long long, unsigned long long)
compiler-rt/lib/sanitizer_common/sanitizer_termination.cpp:86:24
#2 0x5555556491df in __sanitizer::ThreadArgRetval::BeforeJoin(unsigned
long) const
compiler-rt/lib/sanitizer_common/sanitizer_thread_arg_retval.cpp:56:3
#3 0x5555556198ed in Join<___interceptor_pthread_tryjoin_np(void*,
void**)::<lambda()> >
compiler-rt/lib/asan/../sanitizer_common/sanitizer_thread_arg_retval.h:74:26
#4 0x5555556198ed in pthread_tryjoin_np
compiler-rt/lib/asan/asan_interceptors.cpp:311:29

The assert are replaced by error codes.