Plug gpu.func into the GPU lowering pipelines

This updates the lowering pipelines from the GPU dialect to lower-level
dialects (NVVM, SPIRV) to use the recently introduced gpu.func operation
instead of a standard function annotated with an attribute. In particular, the
kernel outlining is updated to produce gpu.func instead of std.func and the
individual conversions are updated to consume gpu.funcs and disallow standard
funcs after legalization, if necessary. The attribute "gpu.kernel" is preserved
in the generic syntax, but can also be used with the custom syntax on
gpu.funcs. The special kind of function for GPU allows one to use additional
features such as memory attribution.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 285822272