[Opaqueptrs][IR Serialization] Improve inlineasm [de]serialization

The bitcode reader expected that the pointers are typed,
so that it can extract the function type for the assembly
so `bitc::CST_CODE_INLINEASM` did not explicitly store said function type.

I'm not really sure how the upgrade path will look for existing bitcode,
but i think we can easily support opaque pointers going forward,
by simply storing the function type.

Reviewed By: #opaque-pointers, nikic

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D116341