[WebAssembly] Do not assume br_table range checks will be gt_u

OSS-Fuzz and the Emscripten test suite uncovered some edge cases in
which the range check instruction seemed to be an (i32.const 0) or
other unexpected instruction, triggering an assertion. Unfortunately
the reproducers are rather complicated, so they don't make good unit
tests. This commit removes the bad assertion and conservatively
optimizes range checks only when the range check instruction is
i32.gt_u.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D83169