[mlir][ods] Rework how transitive use of deprecated defs are handled

The code currently attempting to recursively find uses of a deprecated def has a few deficiences:
* It recurses into all def uses. This is problematic as it also causes any users of a def using a deprecated def, to be considered deprecated, causing a transitive chain of deprecated defs (see `H_ButNotTransitivelyInNonAnonymousDef` in test case for reproducer)
* It did not recurse into other kinds of fields, such as list and DAGs

This patch fixes the issue by reworking the code to properly recurse into inits and not to recurse into def uses unless they are anonymous defs. Since inits (including DAG, List and anonymous defs) are uniqued, the memoization is kept and remains profitable.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D141794