[ubsan] Using metadata instead of prologue data for function sanitizer

Information in the function `Prologue Data` is intentionally opaque.
When a function with `Prologue Data` is duplicated. The self (global
value) references inside `Prologue Data` is still pointing to the
original function. This may cause errors like `fatal error: error in backend: Cannot represent a difference across sections`.

This patch detaches the information from function `Prologue Data`
and attaches it to a function metadata node.

This and D116130 fix https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/49689.

Reviewed By: pcc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D115844