[DebugInstrRef] Convert DBG_INSTR_REFs into variable locations

Handle DBG_INSTR_REF instructions in LiveDebugValues, to determine and
propagate variable locations. The logic is fairly straight forwards:
Collect a map of debug-instruction-number to the machine value numbers
generated in the first walk through the function. When building the
variable value transfer function and we see a DBG_INSTR_REF, look up the
instruction it refers to, and pick the machine value number it generates,
That's it; the rest of LiveDebugValues continues as normal.

Awkwardly, there are two kinds of instruction numbering happening here: the
offset into the block (which is how machine value numbers are determined),
and the numbers that we label instructions with when generating
DBG_INSTR_REFs.

I've also restructured the TransferTracker redefVar code a little, to
separate some DBG_VALUE specific operations into its own method. The
changes around redefVar should be largely NFC, while allowing
DBG_INSTR_REFs to specify a value number rather than just a location.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D85771